Lifestyle Living: The hottest new segment in senior living

By Scott McCorvie | CEO, Enhance Senior Living

Learn about Senior Living Investment Brokerage and Senior Living Investment Advisory Strategies at Enhanced Senior Living.

Lifestyle Living is the fastest growing segment of senior living

There’s a new leader in the senior living spectrum that’s receiving the most attention. Although most refer to this segment as active adult, age-restricted apartments, or independent living light, I’ve coined a much better term for this emerging product -- Lifestyle Living.

Lifestyle living can best be described as unbundled independent living, or independent living without the inclusive dining and housekeeping services. As consumers are becoming more price conscious, unbundling the services provides potential residents with more flexibility and optionality in monthly pricing. It also provides more freedom and peace-of-mind for those seniors wanting to travel and dine-out at area restaurants. So, lifestyle living still maintains the design and programming concepts of traditional senior living, but without the construction, staffing, and operating expenses required to operate a community dining room and commercial kitchen.  

Active adult is not a new concept and has been wildly popular in master planned communities catering to the recent retirees – primarily as fee simple home ownership. I’m sure most of you have heard of The Villages, Margaritaville, or even Sun City Center.  These master planned communities revolve around a central clubhouse and include many amenities and socialization options targeted to the 55+ age population. The success has largely been due to these communities attracting residents seeking an upgraded social lifestyle, but with the ability to maintain their independence.

Age-restricted apartments are also not a new concept, as they’ve been around for decades. The concept behind this product has largely been due to reducing costs and required maintenance to residents living on a fixed income. Although most of these communities offer some amenities geared towards seniors, they typically do not offer the staffed programming and socialization options that attract so many residents to independent living.

So, why is this new lifestyle living product receiving so much attention? It’s largely due to two concepts: the average age for this type of resident is 72 (currently hitting the baby boomer demand spike), and independent living is now feeling much more like assisted living. In fact, due to the latest technologies and home healthcare options, the average age of an independent living resident has been steadily increasing – currently at 82. This provides a large gap to seniors wanting more socialization and lifestyle options, while maintaining their independence, and not yet ready to move into traditional senior living options. This age gap also matches what most stable lifestyle living communities report as the average length of stay, or 7-10 years. And, with this type of happy and consistent resident, these communities report much higher annual rent growth than any other real estate class.  

However, I would be cautious for any developer that wants to quickly jump into this new product. It still takes a lot of specific knowledge and ‘know-how’ to stabilize these types of communities. Specifically, understanding the correct supply/demand relationship, competitive market, desired amenities, appropriate design layout, unit sizing, effective operations and staffing, specialized programming, and specific sales and marketing strategies. Also, it takes a patient investor, as absorption is much slower than traditional senior living or any other residential real estate product (around five units per month). If you would like to learn more, be sure to subscribe to my podcast, The Inner Circle of Senior Living, or stay tuned for additional articles on this topic. To learn more about additional ways to enhance our senior living industry, be sure to subscribe to the podcast, The Inner Circle of Senior Living.

By Scott McCorvie | CEO, Enhance Senior Living

Learn about Senior Living Investment Brokerage and Senior Living Investment Advisory Strategies at Enhanced Senior Living.

enhanceseniorlivnig.com | seniorlivinginvestments.com | srgrowth.com | generationalmovement.com

Underwriting Senior Living Investments

By Scott McCorvie | CEO, Enhance Senior Living

Learn about Senior Living Investment Brokerage and Senior Living Investment Advisory Services at Enhanced Senior Living.

Underwriting Senior Living Investments

As demonstrated in some of the latest senior living acquisitions and announced development deals, there are a lot of new entrants into the industry. I’m sure these groups are well versed in underwriting commercial real estate, but how much do they understand about the specialized senior living niche? In this article, I’ll dive into the top underwriting strategies to consider before committing any capital to a senior living real estate investment.  

The first, and most important segment to underwrite, is the operator, or management company. I want to understand the manager’s senior living history, past experience, senior and local leadership teams, staffing strategy, geographic concentration, acuity mix, marketing systems, litigation history, current and future capital partnerships, community ownership, and future growth plans. I want to know how many similar buildings they own and/or operate, and their performances. If it’s a new development, or turnaround community, I want to make sure the management is part of the overall plan, and compensated for the value creation (not a straight management fee). Last, I want to really dive into the culture of the management, and see if this culture transfers to the residents and staff. Every time I underwrite an operator, I’m looking for a long-term partner, and not just a one-time deal.

If the management checks all the boxes, I’ll dive into the financials. I want to look at least three years of operating history, the past few monthly rent rolls, as well as the past several months of payroll statements (position, FTEs, and wages). I want to understand the revenues and expenses on a per-resident-day basis, and look for opportunities of growth or conservation. I’ll then compare the revenues and expenses per department on a per unit and per resident basis to other communities with similar size, acuity, and geography. I place little to no weight on a sellers or broker’s proforma, but I spend a good amount of time working with the new manager on their year one proforma/budget (including any marketing and staffing changes). I want to make sure everyone is on the same page of future performance, before the capital is deployed. Last, I want to get a solid understanding on any development/redevelopment costs, timelines, and financial impacts.

The next segment I’ll spend ample time on is underwriting and understanding the local market. I’ll look at the calculated supply/demand, penetration rates, and unmet beds from any recently completed appraisals or market studies. I’ll call the local planning board to discuss any applications for new senior living development. I’ll look at household incomes and house values in the immediate area, as well as survey the adult children demographics in the overall market. I’ll utilize NIC MAP (if market is covered) as well as other senior living reporting agencies to analyze occupancies, absorption, rates, and rate growth on a macro and micro level. Last, I’ll spend most time understanding each competitive community in the market. I want to know how my community ranks to each competitive community in terms of price, service, quality, amenities, location, and reputation.

If all the previous three segments check out, I’ll finally spend some time on the actual real estate. I’ll want to know the year it was built, renovated / converted, and spend time understanding the unit count, unit square footages, amenities, dining room size(s), offered amenity rooms, hallway sizes, acuity room locations, courtyards, parking, traffic flow, nurse call system, FF&E / flooring replacement history, A/C systems, etc. I’ll want to meet with the Executive Director to discuss desired unit types, amenity room utilization, and any ‘wish list’ items. I’ll also want to dig into the past several years of capital expenditures, along with the current cap ex budget, to get a realistic plan for the future. Last, I’ll spend time understanding the current and future technology implementation at the community.  

Overall, there are many things to consider and underwrite before making any senior living investment decision. However, applying some of these senior living strategies can help ensure your senior living investment is a success. If you want to learn more about ways to enhance our senior living industry, be sure to subscribe to the podcast, The Inner Circle of Senior Living.

By Scott McCorvie | CEO, Enhance Senior Living

Learn about Senior Living Investment Brokerage and Senior Living Investment Advisory Services at Enhanced Senior Living.

enhanceseniorlivnig.com | seniorlivinginvestments.com | srgrowth.com | generationalmovement.com

Underwriting Senior Living Investments

Is Stand-Alone Memory Care a Good Investment? Part 2

By Scott McCorvie | CEO of Enhance Senior Living

Learn more about tailored senior living investment solutions at Enhance Senior Living.

In the first segment of this two-part series, I discussed a brief history of the memory care product, as well as a summary of the programming and design benefits compared to traditional assisted living or a secured memory car wing. I also summarized a proforma analysis demonstrating how the yield-to-cost and total annualized return (IRR) is artificially high compared to other senior living product types. This inflated yield, along with decreased development timing and costs, spurred stand-along memory care development across the United States. However, even with the higher potential yields, is stand-alone memory care a good investment? In this article, I’ll dig deeper into the investment risks and mitigating factors to consider before investing in stand-alone memory care.  

One of the biggest misconceptions’ investors have regarding stand-alone memory care, is that it leases-up and maintains a stabilized occupancy like other senior living products. This is further from the truth. Memory care is the most immediate and need-based product in senior living, and the decision to move a loved one into memory care is made decisively and quickly. So, it’s difficult to maintain pre-opening and/or operating waiting lists like other senior living communities. Additionally, the memory care average length-of-stay is shorter than other senior living options (especially during flu season), which means it’s crucial to maintain a steady supply of new residents. However, stand-alone memory care is at a disadvantage here, as it does not have a supply of in-house residents, like communities offering a full continuum-of-care. The number of units/beds is also lower in stand-alone memory care, which elevates the risk of not covering debt service and/or fixed charges when there are a large number of discharges in a given month (and no waiting list). Stand-alone memory care is the only product type I’ve seen that can have dramatic downward shifts in occupancy in a single month.

So, these are all real risks to consider before investing in stand-alone memory care, but are there any ways investors can mitigate these risks? The simple answer is yes – with a strong, experienced operator. A strong stand-alone memory care operator will have ample experience marketing the niche design and specialized programming as key advantages to traditional senior living communities. Also, a good stand-alone memory care operator’s marketing program should focus on several key referral sources (Alzheimer’s Association, home healthcare agencies, local doctor groups, hospitals, etc.), and not need to rely on broader marketing strategies and in-house resident sources. A strong operator should also always have a daily pulse on occupancy and financials and be able to adjust the staffing and expenses immediately, if needed. The investor/operator should also be willing to continually invest in the community, as flooring and furniture wear-and-tear is high, and new wandering management and cognitive improvement technology is always being created and introduced to maintain a competitive advantage in the market.  

Okay, so I presented many risks, as well as some mitigating factors, but is stand-alone memory care a good investment? Personally, I would be very cautious on investing in any new stand-alone memory care development, or stand-alone memory care with a short operating history. I would also spend a lot of time understanding and underwriting the operator’s experience, senior and local management team, risk management procedures, focused marketing strategies, regional impact, and long-term vision. Of course, market, location, design, competition and reputation are always huge factors to consider before any senior living investment decision. I would also underwrite a very conservative stabilized occupancy, lower market rates (for likely concessions), and large annual capital expenditures. I wouldn’t base my pricing on a year one NOI to market cap rate methodology, but would factor in a variable discounted cash flow analysis (considering operating swings and annual capital expenditures) along with a pricing comparison to replacement cost (for new competition). Overall, stand-alone memory care product is here to stay, but utilizing conservative underwriting and pricing models will help make sure your senior living investment is a success.

By Scott McCorvie | CEO of Enhance Senior Living

Learn more about tailored senior living investment brokerage and advisory solutions at Enhance Senior Living.

enhanceseniorlivnig.com | seniorlivinginvestments.com | srgrowth.com | generationalmovement.com

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Is Stand-alone Memory Care a Good Investment

Is Stand-Alone Memory Care a Good Investment? Part 1

By Scott McCorvie | CEO of Enhance Senior Living

Learn more about tailored senior living investment solutions at Enhance Senior Living.

Memory Care is the newest product type in senior living, and due to its specialized care and higher potential yield, it quickly grabbed the attention of many senior living investors. And, with the inflated rent per square foot, stand-alone memory care development quickly began booming across the United States. However, upon talking to various developers, investors, and lenders, I quickly realized there was a lot of misconception about the risks and operational volatility associated to stand-alone memory care. So, in this two-part series, I’ll summarize the history of memory care, discuss some of the benefits and amenities, and analyze some of the potential risks and volatility concerns inherent in this type of product.

The memory care product was born in the mid-to-late 1990s, as the second generation of assisted living product was quickly booming across the United States. Owners, operators, and families quickly realized that the resident’s care was beyond the scope of traditional assisted living (primarily due a residents unsafe wandering), but did not want to move their family member into a secured wing of an older skilled nursing facility. Therefore, the memory care product was born. Assisted living communities began ‘securing’ one of their wings as a ‘dementia unit’ and added specialized nursing staff to help with the increased care. These units had a separate pricing model, as they required a different level of care.

Securing against resident wandering was a necessary first step, but communities quickly realized that other amenities and programming could be added to enhance the overall quality of life and attract new residents. To help keep the unit pricing down, the majority of the offered memory care units were semi-private or companion suites and were located within a secured first floor wing of an assisted living community. Other memory care amenities were quickly added including a central lounge, activity center, serving kitchen, specialized dining room, separate nurses’ station, and enclosed courtyard / walking path. Specialized staffing and programming was focused on cognition improvement, and ‘memory stations’ (vintage photographs, clothing, buttons, tools, etc.) were added around the secured unit to help maintain and improve memory function.

With the increased knowledge of the new memory care product, families quickly began moving residents into these secured units, and memory care occupancy increased across the United States. With the greater number of semi-private units, developers quickly realized a full memory care unit (two semi-private beds combined), could receive $9,000 - $12,000 in rent versus the traditional assisted living of $3,000 - $6,000. Additionally, the net income per constructed square foot was much higher due to the minimal amount of common area. Although nursing care and operating expenses are higher in the memory care units, the potential yield on construction cost was extremely attractive to many developers. Thus, the creation of the stand-alone memory care community was born. The stand-alone memory care community began massive development across the United States in the mid-2000’s. The design could be standardized and generally consisted of 40-60 beds (primarily semi-private units) around a central courtyard. The same design could be replicated in many markets — saving the developer in timely and expensive architecture and design costs.  

Although the potential yield is much higher than other senior living product types, is stand-alone memory care a good investment? What are some of the benefits, along with some of the risks in underwriting and investing in stand-alone memory care? Do the current cap rates reflect this risk? Is there anything that an owner/operator can do to help mitigate the risks? In my next segment, I’ll answer these questions, along with some others, as I dive deeper in things to consider before investing in stand-alone memory care

To learn more about ways to enhance our senior living industry, be sure to subscribe to, The Inner Circle of Senior Living.

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Is Stand-Alone Memory Care a Good Investment

Senior Living Portfolio Premium

By Scott McCorvie | CEO, Enhance Senior Living

Learn about Senior Living Investment Brokerage and Senior Living Investment Advisory Services at Enhanced Senior Living.

Senior Living Portfolio Premium

During discussions with varying senior living owner/operators and smaller investment groups about their exit strategy, I hear the phrase, “portfolio premium” thrown around a bunch. But, I question if these groups really understand the methodology behind the portfolio premium, and how to truly maximize this premium within the senior living industry. So, in this article, I’ll analyze the methodology behind the premium, and discuss ways to maximize the premium.

The portfolio premium is really based on the economic theory of economies-of-scale, along with the acquisition and investment appetite of the larger, listed healthcare REITs. Each acquisition takes 60-120 days of negotiation, legal documentation, capital sourcing, and due diligence to close. The amount of man hours, energy, and dollars spent on a single-asset acquisition varies very little to a larger 10-asset portfolio acquisition. Therefore, the portfolio premium partially reflects all the time and energy used in developing and/or acquiring single assets to ultimately sell in a single transaction to a larger investment group.

Additionally, the acquisition appetite of the larger healthcare and investment groups can alter the premium. Investment groups grow through new acquisitions and development investments. However, when an investment group has $20-30 Billion in assets under management, they need to make larger portfolio acquisitions (hundreds of millions) to really move the needle. And, since the larger healthcare REITs have the lowest cost-of-capital of healthcare real estate investors (can create new equity and bond offerings), they can afford to pay the highest prices and obtain the same return hurdles as investment groups with a higher cost-of-capital.

Now, both proceeding theories are not unique to senior living, as they are utilized in all institutional commercial real estate investment strategy. However, senior living does have some unique attributes that can really impact the portfolio premium. Besides physical attributes like size, market, design, and quality of the assets, additional portfolio premium variables are geographic clusters, operator/management selection, and operating/legal structure. Healthcare REITs and investment groups typically already have relationships with operators/managers, and like the ability to change the management (if desired) post acquisition to groups already in their portfolio. And, since it’s not as efficient for senior living managers to operate a single-asset outlier to their geographic concentration, it’s most appealing to have clusters of 3-5+ properties in any given geographic zone. Additionally, since it’s always disruptive and risky to change management, having institutional-quality management/operators in-place, is always desired. Last, the portfolio premium can be impacted by the cross-collateralization of the lease and/or management structure.   

To learn more about ways to enhance our senior living industry, be sure to subscribe to the podcast, The Inner Circle of Senior Living.

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By Scott McCorvie | CEO, Enhance Senior Living

Learn about Senior Living Investment Brokerage and Senior Living Investment Advisory Strategies at Enhanced Senior Living.

enhanceseniorlivnig.com | seniorlivinginvestments.com | srgrowth.com | generationalmovement.com

Senior Living Portfolio Premium

Is Senior Living Even Real Estate?

By Scott McCorvie | CEO, Enhance Senior Living

Learn about Senior Living Investment Brokerage and Senior Living Investment Advisory Services at Enhanced Senior Living.

Is Senior Living Even Real Estate?

I laugh sometimes when I talk with different investment groups trying to enter the industry. They rattle off all types of ad-hoc numbers and calculations from complex spreadsheets, and quote different terms and sophisticated verbiage from varying market studies. Now, I’m not saying that accurate investment proforma models and thoughtful market studies are not valuable tools, but I wouldn’t go “all-in” just because the investment model returns look good, or the calculated supply / demand analysis shows unmet beds. 

In fact, I sometimes question if senior living is even real estate? Sure, location is key, and building design, construction quality, and offered amenities are all very helpful, but to have a successful senior living community, you need to think far beyond typical commercial real estate metrics. I know some developers new to the industry think, we’ll just add any manager you want at 5%, and we'll lease it up in 12 months. Voila! Sure, this manager mentality may work for office, industrial, retail, multifamily, and even hospitality, but senior living is in a whole different class. 

Over the past 15 years, I’ve worked on successful senior living projects, and not-so-successful senior living investment projects. The single most important variable came down to one thing – the operator. The operator is so crucial for the overall success of any senior living investment. I can't stress this enough. I’ve changed operators on senior living investments without ever touching the real estate, and experienced almost immediate and dramatic financial results. This would not be the case for any of the other commercial real estate classes.

One very successful regional operator once told me during a property tour, “Scott, I wouldn’t let the real estate get in the way of a successful community.” And, this is so true! It’s way more than just ‘sticks and bricks,’ but it’s really about the resident care, programming, and overall reputation that drives a community's success. Strong word-of-mouth referrals are still the best and largest marketing source, and this does not cost one cent in the marketing budget. Overall, investment groups need to think beyond the real estate, and focus on successful operator partnerships that continually improve quality of care, create engaging programming, and cater to the overall resident satisfaction.

Learn more about ways to enhance our senior living industry by subscribing to the podcast, The Inner Circle of Senior Living.

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By Scott McCorvie | CEO, Enhance Senior Living

Learn about Senior Living Investment Brokerage and Senior Living Investment Advisory Strategies at Enhanced Senior Living.

enhanceseniorlivnig.com | seniorlivinginvestments.com | srgrowth.com | generationalmovement.com

Is Senior Living Even Real Estate?

The Greatest Competition in Senior Living

By Scott McCorvie | CEO, Enhance Senior Living

Learn more about Senior Living Investment Brokerage and Senior Living Investment Advisory Strategies at Enhanced Senior Living.

The Greatest Competition in Senior Living

When most people think of the greatest competition for a seniors housing community, they think of the impressive new development being constructed down the street or a community nearby undergoing a large renovation project. However, this is inaccurate. The greatest competition for any seniors housing community is a residents’ own home. Seniors housing is still one of the only products where most of the end-users still don’t want to use the product, but are asked and suggested to use it by family and friends.

So, how do we change the negative image within the industry? How do we make seniors housing a preferred destination? The first part is changing the terminology. I cringe when I hear someone say A-L-F, or ALF. Facility, is the ugly F-word within the industry. When I think of a ‘facility,’ I think of long hallways with white paint, fluorescent lighting, and hospital beds. If you’ve toured a seniors housing community built within the past two to three decades, you know this is an inaccurate image. Replacing the word ‘facility’ with ‘community’ or ‘residence,’ is the first part in enhancing the image and overall brand of seniors housing. 

Next, is implementing thoughtful programming that creates a new and upgraded lifestyle for the resident. Unfortunately, studies show that residents still spend the majority of their time within their unit. This is no different than the residents’ own home, except for a much smaller living space. To make seniors housing a preferred destination, we must provide something their home cannot provide. This includes new connections and enhanced socialization and activities. New lifestyle programming now includes cooking classes, fitness classes, yoga, wine tasting, dancing lessons, and educational courses. We need to think beyond bingo and bridge.  

Overall, the industry has made great strides over the past few decades in enhancing the seniors housing image. However, there is still so much more we can do. With improved technology, a potential senior resident can now safely live in their home longer than ever before. To make seniors housing a preferred destination, we must first change the brand terminology, and then create a lifestyle upgrade that will be shared with family and friends. Positive word-of-mouth advertising is still the most powerful marketing tool a seniors housing community can implement.

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By Scott McCorvie | CEO, Enhance Senior Living

Learn more about Senior Living Investment Brokerage and Senior Living Investment Advisory Strategies at Enhanced Senior Living.

enhanceseniorlivnig.com | seniorlivinginvestments.com | srgrowth.com | generationalmovement.com

The Greatest Competition in Senior Living

Senior Living JV Investing

By Scott McCorvie | CEO, Enhance Senior Living

Learn more about Senior Living Investment Brokerage and Senior Living Investment Advisory Strategies at Enhanced Senior Living.

Senior Living Joint Venture Investment

I get a lot of questions regarding different structures for seniors housing real estate investment. Most of you are probably aware of the traditional sale-leaseback, or sale-manageback (RIDEA) in seniors housing. But, with private equity groups dominating the transaction markets lately, there's a new focus on JV transactions. In this article, I’ll analyze the basic structure of the JV, waterfall cash flow distributions, and the pros and cons of the structure for seniors housing.

Just as the name states, a joint venture is a shared partnership between two or more entities within a single investment. The JV includes at least one Limited Partner (“LP”) and at least one General Partner (“GP”). The LP owns the majority position of the equity, and is typically an institutional investment group (REIT, Private Equity, Family Office, etc.). The GP will own a minority position in the equity, and is typically the seniors housing developer/operator. Together, the GP and LP will own 100% of the equity, with typical splits being 80/20, 90/10, or 95/5. This structure is frequently used for new development, but can also be used for acquisitions – especially when there’s material upside from improved operations, unit conversions, renovation, market reposition, etc.

So, why mess with the complexity of a JV structure for seniors housing? I’ll look at this from both the LP and GP perspective. For the LP, it creates less financial risk as they typically take a preferred position to the cash flow distribution (discussed later) from both operations and future sale. It’s also beneficial to the LP as it creates favorable alignment for the operator to be fully invested in the overall operations and bottom line (compared to a management fee arrangement). For the GP, it creates higher compensation for improved operations and value creation. It also gives the GP more control over major decisions like renovations, conversions, capital expenditures, management decisions, financing, and dispositions.  

However, there are some things to consider before jumping into a JV arrangement. First, on both sides, the legal fees are much larger and can be much more time-consuming negotiating the documents. Also, the GP will need to provide 5-20% of the equity, which will be illiquid for the life of the investment. The GP, as partial owner, is also typically bound by the covenants and guarantees of the financing. There are also things to consider on the LP side. The LP, although majority owner, does not have absolute control over the investment and any future capital decisions (refinancing, disposition, etc.). Also, the LP typically cannot quickly change the operator if the performance goes south (assuming the GP is the operator).

And, the biggest question is how does the LP and GP split the cash flows from operations and value creation? This is the biggest risk mitigate for the LP and incentive for the GP. The JV documents will list out how the cash flow is distributed for both groups, and is typically structured as a “waterfall” with multiple tiers based on pre-determined financial metrics (“hurdles”). Each JV is unique, but the LP typically has a preferred position “pref”, and will receive all cash flow, or pari-passu (pro rata share) of cash flow until a predetermined investment hurdle is achieved (i.e., 8% equity return, 12% leveraged IRR, etc.). After the first hurdle is achieved, the GP will start receiving an unequal (larger) portion of the cash flow compared to their equity investment. This unequal distribution is referred to as their “promote” and will continue to increase as the financial performance increases. The waterfall usually contains multiple hurdles, with the GP receiving larger portions of the cash flow upon meeting each hurdle.  

Overall, JV structuring is present in all commercial real estate investing, but is predominant in seniors housing. This is largely due to the strong operational nature of the industry, and how critical it is to have the right operator (and fully aligned operator) to achieve maximum financial success.

To learn more about ways to enhance our senior living industry, be sure to subscribe to the podcast, The Inner Circle of Senior Living.

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By Scott McCorvie | CEO, Enhance Senior Living

Learn more about Senior Living Investment Brokerage and Senior Living Investment Advisory Strategies at Enhanced Senior Living.

enhanceseniorlivnig.com | seniorlivinginvestments.com | srgrowth.com | generationalmovement.com

Joint Venture Investing in Senior Living

Senior Living Design Trends

By Scott McCorvie | CEO, Enhance Senior Living

Learn more about Senior Living Investment Brokerage and Senior Living Investment Advisory Strategies at Enhanced Senior Living.

Senior Living Design Trends

Throughout my career, I’ve been fortunate to have toured hundreds of seniors housing communities in markets across the United States. Like many others, I can usually estimate the year the property was built when I first drive around the community. Seniors housing is a young industry, but there are some definite design traits and characteristics that have delineated each period and progressed through the years. In this article, I’ll examine the history of seniors housing design, as well as address some of the current and future design trends within the industry.

Seniors housing was really born in the 1980’s, but didn’t start to become a distinct and acknowledged industry class until the 1990’s. Still today, when I mention seniors housing, many people think of traditional skilled nursing facilities, or ‘nursing homes,’ with long corridors and semi-private units on either side. And, that’s exactly what you’ll find in the earliest seniors housing design. Communities built in the 1970’s to late 1980’s typically resemble skilled nursing facilities with long hallways, primarily semi-private or studio units, and limited common area and community space. As the assisted living product become more acknowledged, new development started to surge reaching a pinnacle in the late 1990’s. Most of these communities have a fairly similar design (think of traditional Brookdale or Holiday), but began to add more amenities like libraries and dedicated activity rooms, along with more options in unit types (although, still more skewed towards studio units). The prominent technology included pull-cords in the resident bedrooms and bathrooms.

The 2000’s refined the industry as it began to expand and become more sophisticated. Dedicated and secured memory care became a new product type, and additional amenities like movie theaters, fitness centers, larger lobbies and resident lounges began to emerge. The resident units also became larger with a greater selection of one-bedroom and two-bedroom unit types (with less studio units). The design still typically consisted of one-to-three story buildings with longer hallways on either side of a central dining room, but more resident lounges and courtyards emerged to add additional interactive space for the residents. New technology like building wi-fi and resident pendant call systems became standard.

So, what are the current trends in seniors housing? The main concept in today’s seniors housing design is to get the resident’s out of the units and engaged within the community. Instead of having the standard amenity rooms scattered throughout the community (library, computer room, game room, etc.) that are rarely used other than marketing tours, newer design trends incorporate a large, central community space that can be converted throughout the day (yoga, dance classes, cooking classes, movies, etc.). This creates a central, interactive hub within the community and helps provide interaction for the residents. Longer hallways are being replaced with connected ‘square’ designs to foster socialization and avoid isolation. Libraries are being replaced with ‘digital libraries’ that can be accessed through provided smart devices. Bistro’s and casual cafes are being added to the community to provide more dining options, as well as more social interaction meeting space for residents and families.  

And, the future is limitless and exciting for the industry. The focus will be on ‘lifestyle,’ so that residents want to move into a community for an upgraded quality of life. Technology will continue to be a main driver, which will include smart locks, digital records, new call systems, and interactive smart devices – all with the ability to be remotely accessed by the families. Virtual Reality is being introduced in memory care to help maintain and improve cognitive function. Also, modular design may help reduce the construction costs to cater towards a more affordable product. Overall, the industry has come a long way in a short time, and with constant innovation and improvement, the industry will continue to make a positive impact on the quality of life of residents and families well into the future.  

To learn more about ways to enhance our senior living industry, be sure to subscribe to the podcast, The Inner Circle of Senior Living.

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By Scott McCorvie | CEO, Enhance Senior Living

Learn more about Senior Living Investment Brokerage and Senior Living Investment Advisory Strategies at Enhanced Senior Living.

Senior Living Design Trends